澳門學人理事長出席濠江衛視“資訊直通車”節目

應濠江衛視的邀請,澳門學人發展協會理事長高明作為嘉賓於6月2日應邀出席了濠江衛視“資訊直通車”節目,並就本次《立法會選舉法》的修訂問題發表了自己的意見。

澳門公共政策學會會長陳卓華博士(左一)、澳門街坊總會聯合總會沈景雲先生(左二)、澳門學人發展協會高明理事長(右二)、中區社區服務諮詢委員會委員余韶洲(右一)出席濠江衛視“資訊直通車”節目

澳門公共政策學會會長陳卓華博士(左一)、澳門街坊總會聯合總會沈景雲先生(左二)、澳門學人發展協會高明理事長(右二)、中區社區服務諮詢委員會委員余韶洲(右一)出席濠江衛視“資訊直通車”節目

高明理事長認為,本次《立法會選舉法》的修訂是一項“修修補補”的工作,並非是一個“大動干戈”的修改,目的只是完善相關法律,並非涉及到一些直選議員數目等核心問題。這從《立法會選舉法》諮詢文本四個部分的用詞可以看出來。在其四個目的中,用了“完善”、“改善”、“完善”及一個“打擊”(違法),好似一個補丁,將以前沒有考慮過、但近期出現的問題完善一下。所以,本次修訂是選舉程式和選舉方式方面的改革,不是政治制度或選舉制度方面的改革。

高明提到引入澳門註冊核數師及競選活動申報制度,這些是屬於預防性的外部約束措施,是本次修訂工作的亮點,當局希望能將賄選情況“防患於未然”。另外,引入“競選輔助組織”則是從內部加強選舉團隊的建議,促使以前比較鬆散的競選團隊變成比較固定的團隊。在談到“競選活動申報制度”時,高明理事長認為,選舉管理委員會好像是“裁判”一樣,在競選團體通報活動之後,選舉管理委員會可以判定該活動是社團宣傳活動或競選宣傳活動,可以避免外界的非議。

濠江衛視“資訊直通車”節目現場

濠江衛視“資訊直通車”節目現場

關於本次修訂對網上宣傳監管的力度,高明認為,選舉管理委員會比較難以開展相關的監管。因為網上的競選活動宣傳方式,除了Facebook、論壇方面的公開管道以外,仍然有許多半封閉式的宣傳管道,如一些比較流行的即時通訊(IM)工具:微信、whatsapp, 都有群組的功能。另外,還有一些新的技術手段,可以做到形式上“一對一”的傳遞資訊,但實際上是大規模的群發功能。此種“非公開”、“非發布”型的宣傳非常容易避過監管。

另外,在網絡上的競選活動的宣傳主體方面,很難區分宣傳者是真的ID或是假的馬甲。在其轉發一些政見時,也很難區分他是受指使或是自由的意見表達。在競選活動網絡宣傳內容方面,新媒體也賦予了非常大的靈活性,如:顏色、標籤(Tag)、號碼、狀態、評論、貼圖,甚至曖昧的字眼都有可能是為某些競選者服務的,所以,對競選活動網絡宣傳方面的監管,肯定會消耗大量的人力物力,而且,監管的成效,也非常取決於當局的重視程度。

濠江衛視“資訊直通車”節目現場

濠江衛視“資訊直通車”節目現場

高明也發表了一些界定賄選、如何避免賄選、以及懲治因賄選而當選的立法會議員方面的意見。在追究競選團體法人刑事責任方面,高明認為,應當搞清楚“法人”與“法定代表人”的分別,如在選舉之後發現有賄選的事實,即使競選團體法人會承擔刑事責任,其法定代表人不一定就會承擔刑事責任,而當選上的立法會議員,作為自然人,是否會承擔刑事責任?這要聽聽法律專家的說法。

根據《議員規章》,即第3/2000號法律(經第12/2009號法律修訂)的第15條,一旦提起刑事訴訟,議員會被中止職務,第19條規定,如因刑事罪行監禁30天以上,該議員會喪失議員資格。只有當選上的立法會議員也承擔刑事責任,才會根據《議員規章》受到懲治。所以,追究競選團體“法人”刑事責任或是“法定代表人”的刑事責任,可能是結果是不同的。

應邀參加濠江衛視“資訊直通車”節目的其他嘉賓還有:澳門公共政策學會會長陳卓華博士、中區社區服務諮詢委員會委員余韶洲先生、澳門街坊總會聯合總會沈景雲先生。

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